坦克柴油机比油耗实车测试的研究

针对实车检测坦克柴油机比油耗的原理和方法作了探讨,对12150L柴油机进行了实车比油耗测试,认为用无负荷方法实车测定柴油机有效功率,同时用涡轮流量计测量燃油消耗量是实车测量发动机比油耗可行的方法。     

爆炸危险环境建筑物防雷设施选择及布置

爆炸危险环境建筑物防雷由于其“特殊性”倍受电气工程技术人员关注。结合相关雷电理论，从接闪器、引下线、接地装置几个方面对爆炸危险环境建筑物防雷设施选择和布置进行了论述。     

Models for production planning under power interruptions

We present a robust optimization model for production planning under the assumption that electricity supply is subject to uncertain interruptions caused by participation in interruptible load contracts (ILCs). The objective is to minimize the cost of electricity used for production while providing a robust production plan which ensures demand satisfaction under all possible interruption scenarios. The combinatorial size of the set of interruption scenarios makes this a challenging problem. Furthermore, we assume that no probabilistic information is known about the supply uncertainty: we only use the information given in the ILC to identify an uncertainty set that captures the possible scenarios. We construct a general robust framework to handle this uncertainty and present a heuristic to compute a good feasible solution of the robust model. We provide computational experiments on a real‐world example and compare the performance of an exact solver applied to the robust model with that of the heuristic procedure. Finally, we include the operational impact of interruptions such as “recovery modes” in the definition of the uncertainty set. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013     

Prediction of concentration of toxic gases produced by detonation of commercial explosives by thermochemical equilibrium calculations

An adverse effect resulting from explosive mine blasts is the production of toxic nitrogen oxides (NO and NO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO). The empirical measurements of the concentration of toxic gases showed that it depends not only on the composition of an explosive and properties of its ingredients but also on several other parameters, such as volume of blasting chamber, explosive charge mass and design, confinement characteristics, surrounding atmosphere, etc. That explains why measured concentrations of toxic gases reported in literature significantly differ.In this paper, we discuss the possibility of theoretical prediction of the concentration of toxic gases by thermochemical equilibrium calculation applying two models: ideal detonation model and deflagration model. It can be demonstrated that thermochemical calculations can provide a good estimation of the measured concentrations and reproduce experimentally obtained effects of additives on the production of toxic gases. It was also found that the ideal detonation model applies to heavily confined explosive charges, while the deflagration model is more suitable for low detonation velocity explosives with light confinement.     

FAE野外空中爆炸效应实验研究及其一次起爆机理探讨

野外进行1．8kg的FAE静爆实验,采用不同配方的纯固态燃料和液一固混合燃料与等质量的TNT对比分析。实验结果表明,FAE的爆炸效果明显优于等质量的TNT,而纯固态FAE爆炸性能强于液一固混合FAE;FAE爆炸后测到的超压分布呈现单调减趋势,这是由于测量点都分布在云爆区范围之外;FAE的云雾分散效果优于等质量的TNT装药,火焰持续时间也长。通过高速摄影图片看出,合适配方的纯固态无约束的FAE弹体火球的持续时间与有约束的液一固混合FAE弹体相当。分析了纯固态FAE爆炸后超压峰值时刻与火球最大直径时刻不同步的原因,探讨了纯固态FAE一次起爆机理。     

摆动喷管控制精度相关问题讨论

对不同性质的喷管特点以及在控制力作用下喷管的响应特性进行了初步分析;以某防空导弹为例,阐述了摆动喷管在非理想状态下摆动时作动器牵连运动、正负摆角不对称、力臂变化、摆心漂移、位移传递系数精度和预调角对摆角控制的影响;同时说明了负载力矩和伺服机构相关参数影响着摆动喷管位置控制精度。     

重大易燃易爆物质泄漏的危害及应急对策

针对重大易燃易爆物质泄漏后所表现出来的易燃易爆性、对周围的人员和空气、水土等环境资源的严重破坏性,分析了易燃易爆物质泄漏的原因,并有针对性的从划定警戒区、查找泄漏点、堵漏、泄漏物质的浓度监测、排除火险因素、安全疏散、个人防护等方面提出了应急处置对策。     

前馈——模型参考自适应复合控制策略

由于多余力矩严重影响了电动负载模拟器的加载性能,提出了一种复合控制方法对该问题进行研究。首先考虑承载对象运动带来的干扰,建立了系统的数学模型;然后,针对控制系统单独采用前馈补偿或自适应控制方法的局限性,进行了基于前馈控制和模型参考自适应控制的复合控制系统设计,并利用Lyapunov函数的方法构造了自适应控制器。最后的仿真结果表明,采用复合控制方法能够大幅度消除电动负载模拟器的多余力矩,验证了控制策略的可行性。     

起重机吊重摆角的自适应神经网络补偿控制

为了控制起重机吊重摆动幅度在最短时间内衰减到规定范围或平衡点附近,同时考虑到由于外界不确定性因素导致的系统模型的不确定性,设计了自适应径向基函数Radial Basis Function（RBF）神经网络补偿控制器。RBF神经网络对系统模型的未知函数进行辨识,并将辨识信息提供给控制器。实验结果表明：吊重摆角约在5s时跟踪给定幅度的正弦信号,并在参考信号发生突变时,摆角仍在给定的范围内;RBF神经网络约在5s后几乎以零误差辨识未知函数。所设计的控制器对不确定性因素具有较强的鲁棒性,这也验证了控制系统稳定性证明结论。     

环肋轴对称组合壳塑性极限分析的弹性模量调整有限元方法

基于轴对称截锥壳单元,以单元横截面峰值应力为等效应力,建立了弹性模量调整有限元方法,应用Fortran语言编制了有限元软件用于计算环肋轴对称组合壳的塑性极限载荷.该方法根据组合壳的应力分布情况调整轴对称壳单元和肋骨单元的弹性模量,并进行一系列的弹性迭代计算,计算收敛后即可以得到环肋轴对称组合壳的塑性极限载荷.通过对算例的计算证明:该方法具有良好的收敛性和较高的效率,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.